課程將全面介紹漢代以前早期中國物質文化的考古發現。課程將重點討論古代中國的社會、政治、經濟問題和物質文化所顯示的重大社會轉折，以補傳統文獻之遺闕。通過物質文化的視角，我們會結合傳世和出土文獻，理解古代社會研究的若干主要問題。課程內容將集中于新石器到秦帝國統一時期。通過物質文化的角度，課程將介紹出土文物如何推進對古代中國的認識。 

 課程主要的內容包括: 早期文明的起源和社會基礎，早期國家的形成，城市化，占卜和國家祭祀禮儀，貿易和中心-邊緣關系，手工業生產與技術演進，國家官僚的出現，和帝國統一的過程。通過結合物質文化和文獻(傳世文獻，甲骨文和金文)，課程為早期國家以上諸問題提供基本的介紹和認識。每周的輔導也會重點討論如何從考古學材料理解這些問題的方法。 

每周計劃   (可隨進度改變)

 [每周約30 頁左右]

Week 1  (13^th January)

導論:  古代中國：年代學與物質文化研究方法 

本周閱讀

Hodder, Ian. (1989). This is Not an Article about Material Culture as Text. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 8:250-269.

朱鳳瀚. (2001). “試論中國早期文明諸社會因素的物化表現”. 文物 2001(2):70-79.

Week 2  (20^th January)

新石器革命與早期農業

本周閱讀

Gideon, Shelach-Lavi  (2015). The Archaeology of Early China: From Prehistory to the Han Dynasty. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Pp.45-67.

張弛.(2008). “中國農業起源的研究”．中國考古學研究的世紀回顧—新石器時代．嚴文明主編. 北京：科學出版社,2008. Pp.102-111.

Week 3  (27^th January) [The topic for the first response paper will be posted on-line]

新石器晚期與文明的誕生 

本周閱讀

趙輝. (2006). “中國的史前基礎—再論以中原為中心的歷史趨勢”. 文物 2006(8)：50-54.

許宏. (2012). “西元前2000年：中原大變局的考古學觀察”. 東方考古(第9集). 北京: 科學出版社，2012年.

Week 4 (3^rd February)

夏與早商：國家形成與擴張

本周閱讀

许宏，刘莉(2007). “關于二里頭遺址的省思”. 文物  2008(1): 43-52.

劉緒. (2003). “夏商文化分界探討的思考,” 考古學研究(五). 北京大學考古文博學院編, pp.181-200. 北京: 科學出版社.

Week 5 (10^th February) Lunar New Year vacation

Week 6  (17^th February) [due date of the first response paper]

晚商 i: 最早的官僚系統與都市?

本周閱讀

付羅文. (2009). “贞人：关于早期中国施灼占卜起源与发展的一些思考,” 多维视域：商王朝与中国早期文明研究. 荆志淳, 唐际根, 高嶋谦一編, pp.85-113. 北京: 科學出版社.

井中偉，王立新. (2013). 夏商周考古. 吉林：吉林大學出版社, Pp. 71-90.

*Field-trip to visit Shenzhen museum on 21^st Feb

Week 7  (24^th February)   

晚商 ii: 青銅時代的手工業生產

本周閱讀

井中偉，王立新. (2013). 夏商周考古. 吉林：吉林大學出版社, Pp. 143-163.

劉煜, 岳占伟. (2011). “複雜化生產: 晚商青銅器的陶范鑄造工藝流程” 商周青銅器的陶范鑄造技術研究. 陳建立, 劉煜編, pp.81-94. 北京: 文物出版社.

Week 8  (2^nd March)

晚商 iii: 中心-邊緣系統與物品交換

本周閱讀

黃銘崇. (2011). “晚商政體形態的研究—空間模型的考察.” 新史學 22 (3):161-207.

Week 9 (9^th March) [Due date of the field-trip report]

西周 i: 封建國家或廣域國家?

本周閱讀

李峰(著)，徐峰(譯). (2007).  西周的滅亡：中國早期國家的地理和政治危機. 上海：上海古籍出版社. (Pp.35-59).

劉緒. (2000). “西周早期考古學文化與周初分封,” 文化的饋贈-漢學研究國際會議論文集考古卷.  北京大學中國傳統文化研究中心編, pp.217-221. 北京: 北京大學出版社.

張天恩. (2013). “西周社會結構的考古學觀察”. 考古與文物. 2013(5):53-62.

Week 10 (16^th March) [The topic for the second response paper will be posted on line]

西周 ii: 禮制改革與社會影響

本周閱讀

傑西卡. 羅森著 (黃愛梅譯). (2011). “西周青銅鑄造技術革命及其對各地鑄造業的影響,”  祖先與永恆: 傑西卡. 羅森中國考宮藝術文集, pp.48-63. 北京：三聯書店.

曹瑋. (1998). “從青銅器的演化試論西周前後期之交的禮制變化,” 周秦文化研究. 陝西省考古研究所編, pp.443-56. 西安: 陝西人民出版社.

Week 11 (23rd March)

春秋: 物質文化所見的西周秩序的瓦解

本周閱讀

井中偉，王立新. (2013). 夏商周考古. 吉林：吉林大學出版社, Pp. 312-340.

孫慶偉. (2015). 最雅的中國：春秋時代的社會與文化. 北京: 科學出版社.  (赫赫宗周 至 事死如生)

Week 12 (30^th March)

戰國 i: 城市化與鐵器技術

本周閱讀

趙化成. (2000). “論冶鐵術的發生及其鐵器的使用對中國古代社會發展進程的影響問題,” 文化的饋贈-漢學研究國際會議論文集. 北京大學中國傳統文化研究中心編, pp.240-48. 北京: 北京大學出版

社.

白雲翔.  (2005). “中國鐵器時代的開端與春秋時期鐵器的應用”, 先秦兩漢鐵器的考古學研究. 北京:科學出版社. (Pp.44-48)

許宏. (2013). “大都無城—論中國古代都城的早期形態”. 文物. 2013(10): 61-71.

Week 13  (6^th April) [Due date of the second response paper]

Conference, and no lecture this week!

Week 14  (13^th April)

戰國 ii: 帝國的出現

本周閱讀

滕铭予. (2003). “從考古學看中國古代從封國到帝國的轉變”. 吉林大學社會科學學報 2003 (5): 81-85.

梁云. (2008). 戰國時代的東西差別——考古學的視野. 北京: 文物出版社. (Pp.51-77).

Week 15  (20^th April)

秦之統一與影響

本周閱讀

趙化成. (2001). “秦統一前後秦文化與列國文化的碰撞及融合”, 蘇秉琦與當化中國考古學, 宿白編，pp.619-630. 北京:科學出版社.

趙化成. (2006). “从商周“集中公墓制”到秦汉“独立陵园制”的演化轨迹”. 文物 2006 (7):41-48.

中國社會科學院考古研究所. (2010). 中國考古學 (秦漢卷) [秦統一措施的考古學研究], pp. 170-174.

北京：中國社會科學出版社. 

-出席+導修表現：25%

-1份考察報告（~1000字，中文）15%

-2份小論文（每份~1000字）25%

-期末論文（4000～5000字）35%

Week 1

No tutorials and preparation for the discussion next week.

Week 2

No tutorial/for student reading

Week 3 

Discussion about the methodology in reading material culture [Tutorial 1]

Week 4

Debate: What is the “Xia” Culture and how to employ textual records in proto-historical period? [Tutorial 2]

Week 5

Lunar New Year vacation

Week 6

Discussion: “Why Shang people were obsessed in sacrificial killing and divination?” and introduction to oracle bones [Tutorial 3]

Week 7

Fieldtrip to Shenzhen museum [Tutorial 4]

Week 8

Screening the documentary about Fu Hao tombs and discussion about the ancient “international” connection. [Tutorial 5]

Week 9

No tutorial/ field-trip report submission

Week 10

Lab section: typology of Western Zhou bronzes and discussion about the Shang and Zhou political strategies represented in material culture [Tutorial 6]

Week 11

Discussion: How we can study “ritual” and “system” through material culture? [Tutorial 7]:

Week 12

No tutorial this week/for writing the second response paper

Week 13

No tutorial this week/conference

Week 14

Discussion about the East-West difference in material cultures/ presentation of research topics [Tutorial 8]

Week 15

No tutorial this week/for writing the final paper

參考書:

井中偉, 王立新編. (2013). 夏商周考古學. 北京: 科學出版社.

每周閱讀內容可在網上下載

其它有用的工具書:

中國社會科學院考古研究所編. (2010). 中國考古學(新石器卷). 北京: 中國社會科學出版社.

中國社會科學院考古研究所編. (2004). 中國考古學(兩周卷). 北京: 中國社會科學出版社.

中國社會科學院考古研究所編. (2003). 中國考古學(夏商卷). 北京: 中國社會科學出版社.

中國社會科學院考古研究所編. (2010). 中國考古學 (秦漢卷). 北京: 中國社會科學出版社.

劉莉; 陳星燦等譯. (2007). 中國新石器時代 : 邁向早期國家之路. 北京:  文物出版社.

推薦延伸閱讀 (以下只是為特別題目感興趣的同學準備，不是每周必讀內容):

Week 1

*Falkenhausen, Lothar von (1993). On the Historiographical Orientation of Chinese Archaeology.  Antiquity 67:839-849.

*Johnson, Matthew. (1999). Archaeological Theory: an Introduction. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers Ltd. Chapter 1 and 2.

Week 2

*Fiskesjö, Magnus and Chen Xingcan (2004).  The Chinese fate of Johan Gunnar Anderson: From Scholar to Scholar.  In China Before China: Johan Gunnar Andersson, Ding Wenjiang, and the Discovery of China’s Prehistory. Stockholm, Sweden: Museum of Far Eastern Antiquities.  Pp. 104-125.

Week 3

*Gideon, Shelach-Lavi  (2015). The Archaeology of Early China: From Prehistory to the Han Dynasty. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Pp.127-160.

*李伯謙. (2009). “中国古代文明演进的两种模式—红山、良渚、仰韶大墓随葬玉器观察随 想”. 文物 2009(3):47-56.

*Liu, Li. (2009). “The products of minds as well as hands”: production of prestige goods in the Neolithic and early state periods of China. Asian perspectives 42:1-40.

Week 4

*Gideon, Shelach-Lavi  (2015). The Archaeology of Early China: From Prehistory to the Han Dynasty. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Pp.161-193. [Recommended]

*Wang, Haicheng. (2014). “China’s First Empire? Interpreting the Material Record of the Erligang Expansion,” in Art and Archaeology of the Erligang Civilization. Edited by K. Steinke, pp.67-98. Princeton: Princeton University Press. [Recommended]

*Liu, Li (2009). Academic freedom, political correctness, and early civilisation in Chinese archaeology: the debate on Xia-Erlitou relations. Antiquity 83(321): 831-843. [Recommended]

Week 6

*Bagley, Robert W. (1999). Shang Archaeology. In The Cambridge history of ancient China: from the origin of civilization to 221 B.C., edited by M. Loewe and E. Y. Shaughnessy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (Pp.180-208).

*Keightley, David. (1988). Shang Divination and Metaphysics. Philosophy East and West 38 (4):367-397.

*Flad, Rowan. (2008). Divination and power: a multiregional view of the development of oracle bone divination in early China. Current Anthropology 49 (3):403-37.

Week 7

*貝格立著、爰國勝譯. “商时期青铜铸造业的起源和发展”. 南方文物. 2009(1):135-141.

*Li, Yung-Ti. (2007). “Co-Craft and Multicraft: Section-Mold Casting and the Organization of Craft Production at the Shang Capital of Anyang,” in Craft Production in Complex Societies: Multicraft and Producer Perspective. Edited by I. Shimada, pp.184-223. Salty Lake City: University of Utah Press.

*Gideon, Shelach-Lavi  (2015). The Archaeology of Early China: From Prehistory to the Han Dynasty. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Pp.209-226.

*Campbell, Roderick B., Zhipeng Li, Yuling He, and Yuan Jing. (2011). Consumption, exchange and production at the Great Settlement Shang: bone-working at Tiesanlu, Anyang. Antiquity (85):1279-97.

Week 8

井中偉，王立新. (2013). 夏商周考古. 吉林：吉林大學出版社, Pp. 165-176.

*Bagley, Robert W. (1999). Shang Archaeology. In The Cambridge history of ancient China: from the origin of civilization to 221 B.C., edited by M. Loewe and E. Y. Shaughnessy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (Pp.208-231).

*Shelach, Gideon (2009). Prehistoric Societies on the Northern Frontiers of China: Archaeological Perspectives on Identity: Formation and Economic Change During the First Millennium BCE. London: Equinox Publishing, Ltd. (Pp.146-152)

*Xu, Jay  (2001).  Sichuan Before the Warring States Period.  In Ancient Sichuan: Treasures from a Lost Civilization, edited by Robert Bagley, Pp.21-38.  Seattle:  Seattle Art Museum.

Week 9

*Rawson, Jessica. (1999). “Ancient Chinese ritual as seen in the material record,” in State and court ritual in China. Edited by J. P. McDermott, Pp.20-50. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

*傑西卡. 羅森著 (黃愛梅譯). (2011). “是政治家，還是野蠻人?- 從青銅器看西周,”  祖先與永恆: 傑西卡. 羅森中國考宮藝術文集, pp.20-47. 北京：三聯書店.

Week 10

*Falkenhausen, Lothar Von. (1999). Late Western Zhou taste. Études chinoises 18 (1-2):143-78.

Week 11

*Falkenhausen, Lothar von. 1999. “THE WANING OF THE BRONZE AGE: MATERIAL CULTURE AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENTS, 770-481 B.C.,” in The Cambridge History of Ancient China. Edited by M. Loewe and E. Shaughnessy, pp.450-501. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

*Gideon, Shelach-Lavi  (2015). The Archaeology of Early China: From Prehistory to the Han Dynasty. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Pp.267-291.

Week 12

*Wagner, Donald B. (2008). Ferrous Metallurgy. Vol.5, Chemistry and Chemical technology, Science and Civilization in China. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (Pp.115-147).

*Falkenhausen, Lothar von. (2008). “Stages in the development of cities in Pre-Imperial China,” in The Ancient City: new perspectives on Urbanism in the Old and New World. Edited by J. Marcus and J. A. Sabloff, pp.209-28. Santa Fe, New Mexico: School for advanced research Press.

Week 14

*Teng, Mingyu (translated by Susanna Lam). (2013). “From vassal state to empire: an archaeological examination of Qin Culture,” in Birth of an Empire: The State of Qin Revisited. Edited by Y. Pines, S. Gideon, L. von Falkenhausen and R. D. S. Yates, pp.113-40. Berkeley: University of California Press.

*巫鴻. (2005). “從 ‘廟’到 ‘墓’- 中國古代宗教美術發展史中的一個關鍵問題”. 禮儀中的美術：巫鴻中國古代美術史文編, Pp.549-569. 北京：三聯書店。

Week 15

*Falkenhausen, Lothar von. 2013. “Introduction: Archaeological Perspectives on the Qin Unification,” in Birth of an Empire: The State of Qin Revisited. Edited by Y. Pines, S. Gideon, L. von Falkenhausen and R. D. S. Yates, pp.37-52. Berkeley: University of California Press.

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