本課程嘗試以節日和民間宗教為切入點，以敘述和詮析的角度探討近代中國的地方社會結構、組織原理、族群關係、和社會變遷的過程。 

課程分兩部分：第一部分從宏觀的角度，討論節日和民間宗教在近代中國國家和地方社會的位置。明清以及民國政府如何規劃、控制地方活動?不同社群在不同的時間和空間如何敘述節日和民間宗教?地方社會如何利用國家的話語來強化、調整、重構或忘卻地方傳統。第二部分通過個案研究，考察地方社會活動的組織方法和變遷，從而理解傳統和近代在地方社會的互動關係。同時，希望透過對節日和民間宗教的個案研究，探討歷史的敘述和詮析之間的關係。 

選修本課程的同學必須參加最少一次的田野考察。

作業１：文獻收集與整理(12月8日)

關於大傳統節日的一手歷史資料整理

(1)決定希望研究的大傳統節日（如時年八節之一）

(2)決定希望研究的歷史時間（如19世紀末到二戰前、戰後到改革開放。時間長的話，每五年追蹤記錄）

(3)決定希望研究的地域空間（如香港、東南亞華人社會、廣東、西南中國）

(4) 選擇一項資料『報章如申報、華字日報、叻報、檳城新報、South China Morning Post、North China Herald等；日記如退想齋日記、文學作品如三言兩拍、金瓶梅；地方誌(注意風俗編以外的資料) 』作資料排比。

作業２：學期論文：學期末的論文(12月8日)

（論文以中文撰寫不少於4,000字，以英文撰寫不少於2,700字。 論文必須與收集和整理的文獻相關。）

評分標準

課堂出席與表現 10%

導修及課堂表現20%

資料長編 30%

學期論文 40%

本導修課擬探討華人社會之女神崇拜現象。以觀音、媽祖/天后、臨水夫人陳靖姑及泰山碧霞元君為例，修課同學須結合現有研究，就相關信仰之歷史根源、性別意義、其對民間社會之影響、祭典儀式之內涵、及此類信仰與特定歷史時期中政治力量之互動關係等問題作出思考，並著眼有關當中任意一種信仰的論著，撰寫一篇不多於2000字的研究述評（review article）。

導修課共四節，每節亦將以一種女神信仰為討論主題。撰寫相關述評的同學須在課前二日內將文章綱要以powerpoint形式寄至助教電郵，並隨後在課上作口頭報告。課後一週內，同學須獨立撰成研究述評並將之遞交與助教。遲交之文章將獲扣分處理。

導修指定閱讀書目：

刑莉，《觀音：神聖與世俗》，北京：學苑出版社，2001

廖迪生，《香港天后崇拜》，香港：三聯書局，2000

張珣，《文化媽祖：台灣媽祖信仰研究論文集》，台北：中央研究院民族學研究，2003

林美容，《媽祖信仰與漢人社會》，哈爾濱：黑龍江人民出版社，2003

彭慕蘭（Kenneth Pomeranz）〈上下泰山: 中國民間信仰政治中的碧霞元君（約公元1500至1949年)〉，《新史學》第20卷4期, 頁169-215

葉濤，〈碧霞元君信仰與華北鄉村社會〉，《文史哲》,第2期（2009），頁24-37

Brigitte, Baptandier, The Lady of Linshui: A Chinese Female Cult. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 2008.

Dudbridge, Glen, The Legend of Miao-shan. London: Ithaca Press, 1978. (or Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004)

Pomeranz, Kenneth, “Power, Gender and Pluralism in the Cult of the Goddess of Taishan,” in Theodore Huters, R. Bin Wong and Pauline Yu eds., Culture and State in Chinese History: Conventions, Accommodations and Critiques. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1997, pp. 182-206.

Pomeranz, Kenneth, “Orthopraxy, Orthodoxy and the Goddess(es) of Tai Shan,”Modern China. 2007. vol. 33(1).

導論：研究取向和課題

理論與方法

Falassi, Alessandro, 1987, Time Out of Time: Essays on the Festival, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press

蔡志祥, 2000, 《打醮: 香港的節日與地方社會》, 香港: 三聯書店

趙世喻, 2002, 《狂歡與日常: 明清以來的廟會與民間社會》, 北京: 三聯出版社

張珣, ＜導論—從文化的角度研究媽祖信仰＞, 《文化媽祖: 台灣媽祖信仰研究論文集》,

台灣: 中央研究院民族學研究所, 頁1-24。

鄭振滿、陳春聲, ＜導論＞, 《民間信仰與社會空間》,福建: 福建人民出版社, 2004, 頁1-9。

Feuchtwang, Stephan (2003), “History, identification and belief” in Popular Religion in China: The Imperial Metaphor, London and New York: RoutledgeCurzon, pp. 1-26.

節日的分類: 節、醮和誕

蔡志祥, 2000, 《打醮: 香港的節日與地方社會》；通勝

Bodde, Derk, 1975, Festivals in Classical China, Hong Kong, The Chinese University of Hong Kong

Law, Joan and Barbara Ward, Chinese Festival, SCMP, 1985 (or the 2006 edition)

國家祀典 (明清會典)：淫祠、異端與正統

濱島敦俊, ＜明朝の祭祀政策と鄉村社會＞, 《總管信仰: 近世江南農村社會と民間信仰》東京: 研文出版, 2001, 頁113-176

鄭振滿＜明清復建里社組織的演變＞, 《民間信仰與社會空間》,福建: 福建人民出版社, 2004, 頁335-354。

清末民初的反迷信運動

潘淑華, ＜建構政權, 解構迷信—1929年至1930年廣州市風俗改革委員會的個案研究＞, 《民間信仰與社會空間》,頁108-122

Duara, Prasenjit, “Knowledge and power in the discourse of modernity: the campaign against popular religion in early twentieth century China” The Journal of Asian Studies 50:1, 1991, pp.67-83.

Poon Shuk-wah, Negotiating Religion in Modern China, Hong Kong: The Chinese University Press, 2011

新世紀的新話語: 節日、文化旅遊和非物質文化遺產

廖迪生編《非物質資文化遺產與東亞地方社會》，香港：香港科技大學華南研究中心，香港文化博物館, 2011

姊妹與分靈; 全球化與媽祖—天后話語

廖迪生，《香港天后崇拜》，香港：三聯書店，2000

張珣， 《文化媽祖：臺灣媽祖信仰研究論文集》 ，臺北市：中央研究院民族學研究所，2003

節日、儀式和劇場世界：新加玻逢甲普渡

Chan, Margaret, 2006, Ritual is Theatre, Theatre is Ritual: Tang-ki Chinese Spirit Medium Worship, Singapore: SMU Press.

Turner, Victor, 1990, “Are there Universal of Performance in Myth, Ritual and Drama” in Richard Schechner and Willa Appel eds., By Means of Performance: Intercultural Studies of Theatre and Ritual, Cambridge, New York, Port Chester, Melbourne and Sydney: Cambridge University Press, pp.8-18.

在祖先與鬼之間：中元、普渡、萬人緣

Debernardi Jean, Rites of Belonging: Memory, Modernity and Identity in a Malaysian Chinese Community, Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2004.

二十世紀儀式標準化Standardizing the ritual, 20^th century

傳統：延续？创造？再造？

Helen Siu, “Recycling tradition: Culture, History, and Political Economy in the Chrysanthemum Festivals of South China” Comparative Studies in Society and History, 1990, 32(4): 765-794

蔡志祥, ＜從喃師傅到道壇經生﹕香港的打醮和社區關係的演變＞ in 林美容編 《信仰﹑儀式與社會》, 台北: 中央研究院民族學研究所, 2003, pp.367-395.

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