要理解一個地方社會，必須從土地法律開始。香港的土地法律可以分為兩個部分，一是香港島和九龍半島的普通法；二是新界（廣義的新界，包括新九龍）的大清律例。而到了1972年實施丁屋政策後，所謂“新界”，又多指不包括新九龍的地區。這個課程，從清朝開始，直至今天，探討香港（香港島、九龍半島、新界）不同時期的土地法律，以及如何影響香港居民的生活。課程將以英國殖民地檔案以及《大清律例》作為基本參考材料，配以相關研究論著，以及幾宗香港法院的官司判詞。

學習目標：
（1）清朝的田土制度
（2）華南地方的鄉村社會
（3）今天新界由土地法律而出現的社會面貌

學員基本要求：
（1）具聽、說廣東話的能力
（2）閱讀中文古文，英國殖民地英文檔案的能力

授課時間表

Lecture 1: 土地佔有的早期方式

Ref:

1. 馬淵東一，＜臺灣中部及東南亞具咒術性/宗教性之土地所有權＞，蔣斌主編，李蕙雰等譯，《馬淵東一著作集》第二卷，臺北：中央研究院民族學研究所，2020年，第175-210頁。
2. 汪明輝，〈Hupa: 阿里山鄒族傳統的領域〉，《師大地理研究報告》18, 1992, 頁31-49。

Lecture 2: 從鹽田到民田

Ref:

1. 湯開建，＜宋代香港地區的鹽業生產及鹽的走私＞，《嶺南學報（哲學社會科學）》，第17卷第2期（1995年4月），第53-82頁。
2. 段雪玉，＜鄉豪、鹽官與地方政治：《廬江郡何氏家記》所見元末明初的廣東社會＞，《鹽業史研究》，2010年第4期，第15-24頁。
3. 蕭國健，＜宋季名臣李昴英與大嶼山梅窩發現之「李府食邑稅山」界石＞，載林天蔚、蕭國健，《香港前代史論集》，臺北：臺灣商務印書館，1985年，第123-128頁。
4. 鄧氏祖妣宋皇姑趙姬墓重修紀念特刊》，香港：宋皇姑墓管理委員會，2014年。
5. 何漸逞，《廬江郡何氏家記》，萬曆三十二年（1604），收入鄭振鐸，《玄覽堂叢書續集》，第四冊，國立中央圖書館影印本，1947年。
6. Lin Shu-yen, “Salt Manufacture in Hong Kong,” Journal of the Hong Kong Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, vol. 7 (1967), pp. 138-151.

Lecture 3: 清朝的土地登記

Ref:

1. 闞緒強，《清同光時期縣財政的形成與運行—以巴縣為例》，香港中文大學博士論文，未出版（香港中文大學圖書館藏），2020年，第76-113頁。
2. Sui-Wai Cheung, “Trigonometrical Survey and the Land Maps in China, 1368-1950,” in Sui-Wai Cheung (ed.), Colonial Administration and Land Reform in East Asia, Oxon: Routledge. pp. 117-41.

Lecture 4: Crown Land and Leasehold

Ref:

1. E. J. Eitel, Europe in China: The History of Hong Kong from the Beginning to the Year 1882, Hong Kong: Kelly & Walsh, LD., 1895.
2. James William Norton-Kyshe, History of the Laws and Courts of Hongkong, vol. 1, Hong Kong: Noronha and Company, 1902.
3. Frank Welsh, A History of Hong Kong, Great Britain: HarperCollinsPublishers, 1997.
4. SH Goo & Alice Lee, Land Law in Hong Kong, third edition, Hong Kong: LexisNexis Hong Kong, 2013.
5. SH Goo, Source book on Land Law, third edition, London: Cavendish Publishing Limited, 2002.

Lecture 5: 香港島的土著權益

Ref:

1. 卜永堅，<香港早期文書—英國國家檔案館藏F.O.233/185號檔案釋文>，上、中、下，《田野與文獻》，第63期（2011.4），頁1-41）、第64期（2011.7），頁1-39）、第65期，頁1-53。
2. 《道光二十二年香港等處稅畝總呈》，光緒二十二年重修，於1966年鄧惠翹《續修師儉堂家譜》重抄。
3. Ordinance No. 13 of 1844 (An Ordinance for the appointment and regulation of Native Chinese Peace Officers (Paouchong and Paouken) within the Colony of Hongkong), 31 May, 1844. See Historical Laws of Hong Kong Online, https://oelawhk.lib.hku.hk/archive/files/b71f055644e0ad4ac24dd499cc3985c3.pdf
4. 丁新豹， <歷史的轉折：殖民體系的建立和演進>，王賡武編，《香港史新編》上冊，香港：三聯書店（香港）， 1997年，頁59-130。
5. 關詩珮，＜翻譯與殖民管治：香港登記署的成立及首任總登記官費倫＞，《中國文化研究所學報》，第54期（2012年1月），頁97-124。
6. 李東海，《香港太平紳士和申訴專員》，北京：中央文史出版社，2002年。

Lecture 6: 反財產恆繼規則與999年土地租約

Ref:

1. 《勘建九龍寨城全案》，收入陳鏸勛撰，莫世祥校注，《香港雜記（外二種）》，廣州：暨南大學出版社，1996年。
2. 張瑞威，＜清朝建置九龍寨城過程中的收地拆屋賠償問題＞，《區域史研究▪創刊號》，總第1輯（2019），第112-127頁。
3. HCA 7440/1984 (In the High Court of Hong Kong Action NO. A7440 of 1984) Ip Cheung Kwok v Ip Siu Bun and others, Judgment passed down by G.M. Godfrey on 18 May 1988 https://legalref.judiciary.hk/lrs/common/ju/ju_frame.jsp?DIS=26354&currpage=T
4. 鍾寶賢，<法人與祖嘗—華人政情與香港早期的華資公司>，《經營文化：中國社會單元的管理與運作》，香港：香港教育圖書公司，1999，頁124-198。
5. 松原健太郎，<是信託還是法人—中國宗族財產的管治問題>，《歷史人類學學刊》第7卷第2期（2009年10月），頁73-104。
6. Sui-Wai Cheung, “Landlords, Squatters, and Tenants: Fundamental Concepts of Land Administration in Early Colonial Hong Kong,” in Sui-Wai Cheung (ed.), Colonial Administration and Land Reform in East Asia, Oxon: Routledge, 2017, pp. 21-36.

Lecture 7: 九龍半島的發展, 1860-1890

Ref:

1. 張瑞威，《拆村：消逝的九龍村落》，香港：三聯書店（香港）有限公司，2013，頁60-71。
2. Carl T. Smith and James Hayes, “Nineteenth Century Yaumatei,” In the Heart of the Metropolis: Yaumatei and its People, Hong Kong: Joint Publishing (H.K.) Co., Ltd., 1999, pp. 101-110.
3. Sui-Wai Cheung, “Landlords, Squatters, and Tenants: Fundamental Concepts of Land Administration in Early Colonial Hong Kong,” in Sui-Wai Cheung (ed.), Colonial Administration and Land Reform in East Asia, Oxon: Routledge, 2017, pp. 21-36.
4. Report from the Hong Kong Land Commission of 1886-87, on the History of the Sale, Tenure, and Occupation of the Crown Lands of the Colony, Hong Kong: Noronha & Co., 1887

Lecture 8: 1898年駱克報告中的新界管治問題

Ref:

1. Papers Relating to the Extension of the Colony of Hong Kong (Sessional papers, 1899)
2. 《駱克先生香港殖民地展拓界址報告書》（駱克先生致殖民地部函），收入劉智鵬編，《拓展界址：英治新界早期歷史探索》，香港：中華書局，2010年，頁180-242。
3. 夏思義（Patrick H. Hase）著；林立偉譯，《被遺忘的六日戰爭：1899年新界鄉民與英軍之戰》，香港：中華書局，2014年。

Lecture 9: 新界土地的登記和測量

Ref:

1. Report on the New Territories During the First Year of British Administration (Sessional papers, 1900, no. 15, pp. 251-292.)
2. A General Report on the Survey of the Survey of the New Territory from November, 1899, to April, 1904 (Sessional Papers 1904, no. 31, pp. 397-404.
3. New Territories: Land Court, Report on Work from 1900 to 1905. By J. R. Wood, with reports by C. Mcl. Messer, Cecil Clementi, and J. R. Wood. (Sessional Papers 1905, no. 10, pp. 143-152.
4. Local Communities Ordinance (Ordinance No. 11 of 1899), 18 April 1899.
5. New Territories (Land Court) Ordinance (Ordinance No. 4 of 1900), 23 July 1900.
6. Sui-Wai Cheung, “Trigonometrical Survey and the Land Maps in China, 1368-1950,” in Sui-Wai Cheung (ed.), Colonial Administration and Land Reform in East Asia, Oxon: Routledge. pp. 117-41.
7. 許舒（James Hayes）著，林立偉譯，《新界百年史》，香港：中華書局，2016年，頁65-88 （第三章：測量、田土法庭、登記與習慣法）。
8. 張瑞威，《何處是新九龍？》（香港電台節目「進擊的歷史」，2020年7月13日）https://www.rthk.hk/radio/pth/programme/g0945_onward_history/episode/693653
9. 張瑞威，《香港土地的測量和登記（1898-1905）》（香港歷史檔案館「檔案存珍五十年」專題講座，2022年10月14日）https://www.grs.gov.hk/ws/online/50years/tc/sec3/activities.html

Lecture 10: 托倫斯登記制度 (Torrens System)

Ref:

1. Report on the New Territories 1900 (The Hongkong Government Gazette, no. 304, 17 Aug, 1901, pp. 1387-1416).
2. Report on the Meeting on 27 Nov, 1902 (Hong Kong Hansard).
3. Report on the Meeting on 7 Dec., 1903 (Hong Kong Hansard).
4. New Territories Land Ordinance (Hansard on 1 June, 1905)
5. Notes on Land in the District Offices, N.T. (1908, Extracts from C.S.O. file 4865/1906, Hong Kong Public Record Office HKRS no. 156)
6. Judith Sihombing, “The Torrens System in the New Territories,” Hong Kong Law Journal, vol. 14 (1984), pp. 291-305.
7. Sarah Nield, Hong Kong Land Law, second edition, Hong Kong: Longman, 1992, pp. 219-227 (“Chinese Customary Trusts), 229-241 (“Joint Tenancy and Tenancy in Common Contrasted”).
8. 楊少初，<托倫斯土地系統與英國在新界的土地政策>，收入劉智鵬編，《展拓界址：英治新界早期歷史探索》，香港：中華書局，2010年，頁101-123。

Lecture 11: 新界條例下的祖堂

Ref:

1. Cap. 97 New Territories Ordinance https://www.elegislation.gov.hk/hk/cap97
2. Judgment, by David Yam, Judge of the Court of First Instance, High Court, on 26 November 1998. (HCMP 562/1992)
   https://legalref.judiciary.hk/lrs/common/search/search_result_detail_frame.jsp?DIS=42724&QS=%2B&TP=JU (中文)
   https://legalref.judiciary.hk/lrs/common/search/search_result_detail_frame.jsp?DIS=38008&QS=%2B&TP=JU (Eng)

Lecture 12: 習慣土地法 (Customary Land Law)

Ref:

1. 沈之奇，《大清律輯註》（上下），北京：法律出版社，2000年。
2. 鄭小悠，＜清代“獨子兼祧”＞，《清史研究》，2015年5月（第2期），第55-64頁。
3. 蘇耀宗，＜大清律例中須憑族長的意思—以廖英蘭案為例＞，《明清史集刊》第11卷（2015年3月），第227-260頁。
4. 蘇耀宗，＜親姪繼承遺產的爭端—大清律例在香港應用的一個問題＞，《明清史集刊》第12卷（2017年6月），第285-305頁。
5. Judgment, Liu Ying Lan v. Liu Tong Yiu & Another (HCA 6693/1992)
6. Judgment, Liu Ying Lan v. Liu Tong Yiu & Another (CACV 279/2002)
7. “Liu Ying Lan and Liu Tung Yiu & Another,” Hong Kong Law Report & Digests, 2003, vol. 3, pp. 249-274.
8. Judgment, King Wong Development Limited v. Chau Feng Yee (HCMP 2770/2016)
9. Judgment, Tsang Yuet Mui v. Wan On (HCMP 2314/2012)
10. 《無遺囑者遺產繼承條例》(第73章)
11. Intestates’ Estate Ordinance (Cap. 73)

Lecture 13: 丁屋政策

Ref:

1. 2019 Judgment for HCAL260/2015
2. 2021 Judgment for CACV234/2019
3. 2021 Judgment for FACV 2/2021
4. “Papers on Small House Policy,” in Hong Kong Public Record Office at HKMS 178-1-78.
5. Say H. Goo, “The small house policy and Tso and Tong land: Finding the interface between state and customary law in Hong Kong,” in Hualing Fu & John Gillespie (ed.), Resolving Land Disputes in East Asia, Cambridge University Press, 2014, pp. 374-391.
6. 薛鳳旋、鄺智文，《新界鄉議局史》，香港：三聯書店，2011年。
7. 新界鄉議局，《新界小型屋宇政策特輯》，1980年。
8. ＜香港丁權案關鍵：「傳統權益」論述從何而來？＞，《端傳媒》。

課程評核（100%）：

課堂的參與和表現：20%
學期論文：80% （論文組織30%；文章分析50%）

同學須至少出席至少兩次新界鄉村考察活動（粉嶺圍洪朝神棚集合）

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