This course examines the changing cultural and social positions of animals in the human world from ancient to present times. Adopting cross-cultural and comparative approaches, this course investigates the various and changing roles of animals in the long course of human history as totems, food, working companions, pets, etc. The changing human-animal relationship is a useful lens to understand not only the important role animals have played in human society, but also the changes in the ethical values of the humanity over time. 

Learning Outcomes:

Students will be able to 

1. identify the various forces and factors that have shaped the human-animal relationship in different periods of time.
2. analyze current controversial animal issues with a historical and comparative perspective.
3. synthesize primary, secondary, written, and visual sources to make informed interpretations of historical and current issues about animals.

TOPICS

1. Introduction: Background and Issues

• Franklin, Adrian. “Good to Think with”: Theories of Human-animal Relations in Modernity.” A Sociology of Human-animal Relations in Modernity (London: Sage Publication, 1990), pp. 9-33.
• Sterckx, Roel & Martina Siebert Dagmar Schafer. “Knowing Animals in China’s History: An Introduction.” In Roel Sterckx, Martina Siebert & Dagmar Schafer eds., Animals Through Chinese History: Earliest Times to 1911 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018), pp. 1-19.

2. From Hunting to Domestication of Animals

• Bulliet, Richard W. Hunters, Herders, and Hamburgers: The Past and Future of Human-Animal Relationships (New York: Columbia University Press, 2005), pp. 71-100.
• Diamond, Jared. “The Anna Karenina Principle: Why were most big wild mammal species never domesticated?” In Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies (London: Vintage, 1998), pp. 157-175.

3. Animals in Asian Traditions

• Kemmerer, Lisa. Animals and World Religions (New York: Oxford University Press, 2011), pp. 4-18.
• Liu, Chungshee Hsien. “The Dog-Ancestor Story of the Aboriginal Tribes of Southern China.” The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, 62 (Jul. – Dec. 1932), pp. 361-368.
• Sterckx, Roel. “Animal to Edible: The Ritualization of Animals in Early China.” In Roel Sterckx, Martina Siebert & Dagmar Schafer eds., Animals Through Chinese History: Earliest Times to 1911 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018), pp. 46-63.

4. Animals in Western Traditions

• Kemmerer, Lisa. Animals and World Religions (New York: Oxford University Press, 2011), pp. 206-240.
• Demello, Margo. Animals and Society: An Introduction to Human-Animal Studies (New York: Columbia University Press, 2012), ch. 15, “Animals in Religion and Folklore,” pp. 301-324.

5. Animal Food Taboo

• *Goossaert, Vincent. “The Beef Taboo and the Sacrificial Structure of Late Imperial Chinese Society.” In Roel Sterckx ed, Of Tripod and Palate: Food, Politics, and Religion in Traditional China (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005), pp. 237-248.
• *Harris, Marvin. “Mother Cow.” In Cows, Pigs, Wars and Witches: The Riddles of Culture (London: Hutchinson & Co., 1975), pp. 11–32.
• *Poon, Shuk-wah. “Dogs and British Colonialism: The Contested Ban on Eating Dogs in Colonial Hong Kong.” Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History. (Volume 42, Issue 2, 2014), pp. 308-328.

6. The Age of Reason and Modern Zoos

• *Cowie, Helen. Exhibiting Animals in Nineteenth-Century Britain: Empathy, Education, Entertainment (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2014), pp. 52-76, 101-125.
• *Demello, Margo. Animals and Society: An Introduction to Human-Animal Studies (New York: Columbia University Press, 2012), ch. 6, “Display, Performance, and Sport,” pp. 99-125.

7. Animals, Science, and Epidemics

• Pepin, Jacques. The Origins of AIDS (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011), pp. 221-234.
• Torrey, E. Fuller & Robert H. Yolken. Beasts of the Earth: Animals, Humans, and Disease (New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 2005), pp. 112-123.

8. Pet-keeping Culture and the Rise of the Middle Class

• *Ritvo, Harriet. “The Emergence of Modern Pet-keeping.” In Flynn, Clifton P. ed. Social Creatures: A Human and Animal Studies Reader (New York: Lantern Books, 2008), pp. 96-106.
• *Serpell, James & Elizabeth Paul. “Pets and the Development of Positive Attitudes to Animals.” In Aubrey Manning & James Serpell eds. Animals and Human Society: Changing Perspectives (London: Routledge, 1994), pp. 127-141.
• *Jeffreys, Elaine. “Beijing Dog Politics: Governing Human–Canine Relationships in China.” Anthrozoös, Volume 33, Issue 4 (2020), pp. 511-528.

9. Animals in the Age of Imperialism

• Mackenzie, John. “Imperial Hunt in India.” The Empire of Nature: Hunting, Conservation and British Imperialism (Manchester and New York: Manchester University Press, 1988), pp. 167-199.
• Sramek, Joseph. ‘“Face Him Like a Briton”: Tiger Hunting, Imperialism, and British Masculinity in Colonial India, 1800-1875.’ Victorian Studies, vol. 48, no. 4 (2006), pp. 659-680.

10. The Emergence of Animal Protection Movements in the 19^th Century

• Harrison, Brian. “Animals and the State in Nineteenth-Century England.” The English Historical Review, Vol. 88, No. 349 (Oct. 1973), pp. 786-820.
• Kete, Kathleen. “Animals and Ideology: The Politics of Animal Protection in Europe.” In Rothfels Nigel ed., Representing Animals (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2002), pp. 19-34.

11. Politics of Animal Protection in the 20^th Century

• * Hirata, Keiko. “Beached Whales: Examining Japan’s Rejection of an International Norm,” Social Science Japan Journal, 7 (2004): 177–97.
• *Bailey, J.L. “Norway, the United States, and Commercial Whaling: Political Culture and Social Movement Framing.” The Journal of Environment & Development (March 2009), pp. 79-102.
• Kolmas, Michal. “Why is Japan Shamed for Whaling More Than Norway? International Society and its Barbaric Others.” International Relations of the Asia-Pacific, Volume 22, Issue 2 (May 2022): 267–296.

12. Animals as National Symbols

• *Skabelund, Aaron Herald. “The ‘Loyal Dog’ Hachiko and the Creation of the “Japanese” Dog.” In Empire of Dogs: Canines, Japan, and the Making of the Modern Imperial World (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2011), pp. 87-129.
• *Nicholls, Henry. The Way of the Panda: The Curious History of China’s Political Animal (London: Profile Books Ltd., 2010), pp. 38-75.
• *Songster, Elena. Panda Nation: The Construction and Conservation of China’s Modern Icon (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018), pp. 82-101.

13. Conclusion: “Why Look at Animals”

• Berger, John. “Why Look at Animals.” In About Looking (New York: Pantheon Books, 1980), pp. 1-28.

ASSESSMENT:

• Class Participation                                                                                 15%
• Tutorial presentation and discussion                                                 17 % (7%+ 2% x 5)

    (Mar. 14, Mar. 21, Mar. 28, Apr. 4, Apr. 11)

• Tutorial report (due on April 24)                                                      15%

(1000-1500 words in English, excluding footnotes and bibliography)

• Term paper draft  (5 pages, due on 28)                                              8 %                             
• Term Paper (due on May 1)                                                                 45%

(3,000-4,000 words in English, excluding footnotes and bibliography)

Tutorial topics:

• Animal Food Taboo (Mar. 14)
• The Age of Reason and Modern Zoos (Mar. 21)
• Pet-keeping Culture and the Rise of the Middle Class (Mar. 28)
• Politics of Animal Protection in the 20^th Century (Apr. 4)
• Animals as National Symbols (Apr. 11)

Books/Book Chapters

Berger, John. “Why Look at Animals.” In About Looking (New York: Pantheon Books, 1980), pp. 1-28.

Bulliet, Richard W. Hunters, Herders, and Hamburgers: The Past and Future of Human-Animal Relationships (New York: Columbia University Press, 2005), pp. 71-100.

*Cowie, Helen. Exhibiting Animals in Nineteenth-Century Britain: Empathy, Education, Entertainment (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2014), pp. 52-76, 101-125.

Demello, Margo. Animals and Society: An Introduction to Human-Animal Studies (New York: Columbia University Press, 2012).

Diamond, Jared. “The Anna Karenina Principle: Why were most big wild mammal species never domesticated?” In Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies (London: Vintage, 1998), pp. 157-175.

Franklin, Adrian. “Good to Think with”: Theories of Human-animal Relations in Modernity.” A Sociology of Human-animal Relations in Modernity (London: Sage Publication, 1990), pp. 9-33.

*Goossaert, Vincent. “The Beef Taboo and the Sacrificial Structure of Late Imperial Chinese Society.” In Roel Sterckx ed, Of Tripod and Palate: Food, Politics, and Religion in Traditional China (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005), pp. 237-248.

*Harris, Marvin. “Mother Cow.” In Cows, Pigs, Wars and Witches: The Riddles of Culture (London: Hutchinson & Co., 1975), pp. 11–32.

Kemmerer, Lisa. Animals and World Religions (New York: Oxford University Press, 2011).

Kete, Kathleen. “Animals and Ideology: The Politics of Animal Protection in Europe.” In Rothfels Nigel ed., Representing Animals (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2002), pp. 19-34.

Mackenzie, John. “Imperial Hunt in India.” The Empire of Nature: Hunting, Conservation and British Imperialism (Manchester and New York: Manchester University Press, 1988), pp. 167-199.

*Nicholls, Henry. The Way of the Panda: The Curious History of China’s Political Animal (London: Profile Books Ltd., 2010), pp. 38-75.

Pepin, Jacques. The Origins of AIDS (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011), pp. 221-234.

*Ritvo, Harriet. “The Emergence of Modern Pet-keeping.” In Flynn, Clifton P. ed. Social Creatures: A Human and Animal Studies Reader (New York: Lantern Books, 2008), pp. 96-106.

*Serpell, James & Elizabeth Paul. “Pets and the Development of Positive Attitudes to Animals.” In Aubrey Manning & James Serpell eds. Animals and Human Society: Changing Perspectives (London: Routledge, 1994), pp. 127-141.

*Skabelund, Aaron Herald. “The ‘Loyal Dog’ Hachiko and the Creation of the “Japanese” Dog.” In Empire of Dogs: Canines, Japan, and the Making of the Modern Imperial World (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2011), pp. 87-129.

*Songster, Elena. Panda Nation: The Construction and Conservation of China’s Modern Icon (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018), pp. 82-101.

Sterckx, Roel, Martina Siebert & Dagmar Schafer eds., Animals Through Chinese History: Earliest Times to 1911 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018).

Torrey, E. Fuller & Robert H. Yolken. Beasts of the Earth: Animals, Humans, and Disease (New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 2005), pp. 112-123.

Journal Articles

*Bailey, J.L. “Norway, the United States, and Commercial Whaling: Political Culture and Social Movement Framing.” The Journal of Environment & Development (March 2009), pp. 79-102.

Harrison, Brian. “Animals and the State in Nineteenth-Century England.” The English Historical Review, Vol. 88, No. 349 (Oct. 1973), pp. 786-820.

* Hirata, Keiko. “Beached Whales: Examining Japan’s Rejection of an International Norm,” Social Science Japan Journal, 7 (2004): 177–97.

*Jeffreys, Elaine. “Beijing Dog Politics: Governing Human–Canine Relationships in China.” Anthrozoös, Volume 33, Issue 4 (2020), pp. 511-528.

Kolmas, Michal. “Why is Japan Shamed for Whaling More Than Norway? International Society and its Barbaric Others.” International Relations of the Asia-Pacific, Volume 22, Issue 2 (May 2022): 267–296.

Liu, Chungshee Hsien. “The Dog-Ancestor Story of the Aboriginal Tribes of Southern China.” The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, 62 (Jul. – Dec. 1932), pp. 361-368.

*Poon, Shuk-wah. “Dogs and British Colonialism: The Contested Ban on Eating Dogs in Colonial Hong Kong.” Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History. (Volume 42, Issue 2, 2014), pp. 308-328.

Sramek, Joseph. ‘“Face Him Like a Briton”: Tiger Hunting, Imperialism, and British Masculinity in Colonial India, 1800-1875.’ Victorian Studies, vol. 48, no. 4 (2006), pp. 659-680.

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With each assignment, students will be required to submit a signed declaration that they are aware of these policies, regulations, guidelines and procedures.

• In the case of group projects, all members of the group should be asked to sign the declaration, each of whom is responsible and liable to disciplinary actions, irrespective of whether he/she has signed the declaration and whether he/she has contributed, directly or indirectly, to the problematic
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