讲者简要

Dr. Kim Yeong-chei is a historian of the ancient world with particular interests in the agrarian and political history of the Roman Republic. Born in Seoul, she received her BA and MA in History Education from Seoul National University and MSt and DPhil (2017) in Ancient History from the University of Oxford. She subsequently spent two years in Rome as a Research Fellow at the British School at Rome funded by the Leverhulme Trust (2017-2019), held a research fellowship from the Pony Chung Foundation (2020-2021) and was a Research Professor and Instructor at Seoul National University (2021-2023). She has been a Jangwon Humanities Scholar of the Amorepacific Foundation since 2022. Her publication includes ‘Privatization of Ager in Africa from 123 to 63 B.C.’ (Classical Quarterly, 2023) and ‘Centuriated Luceria: a Latin colony and its territory’ (Papers of the British School at Rome, 2021). She is currently writing a book that examines Rome’s agrarian laws and their role in the outbreak of the full-scale revolt of Rome’s allies in Italy in 91 BC, known as the Social War.

摘要

The decline of the Roman Republic is commonly said to have begun with the agrarian reforms of Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus in 133 and 123/2 BC, which re-distributed illegally occupied Roman public land (ager publicus) to landless citizens. It has also been suggested that the Gracchan reforms played a role in prompting Rome’s allies in Italy to revolt in what is known as the Social War (91–87 BC). However, there has been very limited scholarly interest in exploring precisely how the Gracchan reforms affected allied lands and politics. Furthermore, there has been even less analysis of the agrarian schemes in the post-Gracchan period which immediately preceded the Social War and their relevance to the changing political objectives of the allies. Dr. Kim’s research investigates the background of what was in effect first civil war in Roman history. It for the first time comprehensively examines Rome’s agrarian schemes from the Gracchan period down to 91 BC and their impact on the Italian allies, while also discussing earlier legislation on ager publicus. She will argue that the general Roman agrarian policy of re-distributing public land held by the allied states was the most systematic and pernicious maltreatment of the allies, thereby contributing decisively to the Social War.

2026年1月30日学术讲座「同盟者战争的起因：罗马共和国的土地与政治」片段重温

2026年1月30日，粧源人文学者金英彩博士於香港中文大学发表题为「同盟者战争的起因：罗马共和国的土地与政治」的讲座。讲座内容以其正在撰写的专书研究为基础，重新审视「同盟者战争」(Social War；公元前91–87年)，并挑战将其简化为义大利同盟者单纯争取罗马公民权的传统说法。

金博士首先重构战前义大利的政治格局，指出罗马并非以单一统一国家的形式统治半岛，而是透过复杂的同盟网络进行支配。罗马公民、拉丁人社群与各义大利同盟者 (socii) 在法律地位上层级分明。尽管同盟者在军事扩张中扮演关键角色，并分享帝国繁荣的部分成果，他们却被排除在核心政治权力之外。金博士认为，这种既依赖同盟者、又拒绝其政治平等的失衡体制，制造了深重的社会矛盾。

在此背景下，金博士主张，同盟者战争应被理解为一场逐渐转化为追求自由与自主的反叛，而不只是争取公民权的运动。虽然公民权确实曾是诉求之一，但在多次遭拒後，许多同盟者已意识到在罗马体制内获得真正平等几乎不可能。战时的图像材料亦反映此种转变，例如义大利铸造的钱币上出现公牛攻击象徵罗马的母狼图案，显示其对抗罗马本身的决心。

金博士诠释的核心在於土地问题。她强调罗马「公有地」(ager publicus) 在政治冲突中的关键地位。大量土地在征服义大利过程中被没收为公有，而自格拉古兄弟改革以来的一系列土地再分配政策，动摇了同盟者长期依据条约使用或佔有公有地的安排。公元前91年之前的数十年间，持续实施的土地政策加剧了土地持有者的不安，并深化其对政治从属地位的自觉。

金博士最後指出，罗马反覆进行公有地再分配，乃同盟者最系统性且伤害最深的处境来源。土地是经济与社会生活的基础，相关政策使半岛上的不平等变得具体而普遍，最终对同盟者战争的爆发起了决定性作用。