HIST5508WT Special Topics in Chinese History: War, State, and Society in Ancient China (from early period to the sixth century AD)

戰爭伴隨著中華文明的發展而來，特別是在國家組織的出現以後，預備與進行戰爭成為了國家日常重要的功能，是以古人有言「國之大事，在祀與戎」。戰爭還對中國社會的發展帶來廣泛的影響。因此，要瞭解古代中國社會與歷史的發展，戰爭是一把重要的鑰匙。本課程旨在運用軍事史研究的一些概念，結合傳世文獻與考古資料，追尋從先秦以至南北朝時期戰爭的歷史的某些面相，並從中分析戰爭對政權的建構與崩潰、軍事組織與庶民社會和地域文化的關係，以及戰爭對華夏與周邊族群或文明的互動等課題。本課程並希望讓學員透過學習古代中國的戰爭史，不僅反思戰爭的破壞性，還可以思考戰爭在政治運作與社會建構的過程中所扮演的角色。

1. 導論：戰爭、國家與社會

參考閱讀：

–Victor Davis Hanson, “Why Study War?” City Journal (Summer 2007)

https://www.city-journal.org/html/why-study-war-13029.html

–Peter Lorge, “Discovering War in Chinese History,” Extrême-Orient Extrême-Occident 38 (2014): 21-46. 

2. 早期社會的集體暴力

參考閱讀：

–R. Brian Ferguson, “The Birth of War.” Natural History 2003(July/August): 28-35.

–李學勤 主編，《中國古代文明與國家形成研究》（昆明：雲南人民出版社，1997) ，頁185-248。

–Roderick Campbell, “Transformations of Violence: On Humanity and Inhumanity in Early China.” in Roderick Campbell ed., Violence and Civilization: Studies of Social Violence in History and Prehistory. Oxford: Oxbow Books, 2014. pp. 94-118.

3. 西周的武士國家

參考閱讀：

–李裕杓，《西周王朝軍事領導機制研究》（上海：上海古籍出版社， 2018) ，頁67-101。

4. 春秋的貴族武裝

參考閱讀：

–杜正勝，《編戶齊民──傳統政治社會結構之形成》（臺北：聯經，1990），頁49-96。

5. 戰國的軍事化措置

參考閱讀：

–Wicky W. K. Tse, “Cutting the Enemy’s Line of Supply: The Rise of the Tactic and Its Use in Early Chinese Warfare.” Journal of Chinese Military History 6.2 (2017): 131-156.

–Wicky W. K. Tse, “Warfare.” in Paul R. Goldin ed., Routledge Handbook of Early Chinese History. London: Routledge, 2018. pp. 319-335.

6. 在亂世中思考戰爭

參考閱讀：

–李零，《簡帛古書與學術源流》（北京：三聯書店，2004），頁356-397。

–Christopher C. Rand, Military Thought in Early China. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2017. pp. 97-128.

7. 帝國的戰略順序

參考閱讀：

–謝偉傑，〈論漢高帝一朝的北境動亂〉，《漢學研究》25: 1 (2007.6): 31-58.

–張德芳，〈從懸泉漢簡看西漢武昭時期和宣元時期經營西域的不同戰略〉，黎明釗 編，《漢帝國的制度與社會秩序》（香港：牛津大學出版社，2012），頁277–316。

–Mark Edward Lewis, “The Han Abolition of Universal Military Service” in Hans van de Ven ed., Warfare in Chinese History. Leiden: Brill, 2000. pp. 33-75.

8. 華夏邊緣的新戰爭

參考閱讀：

–邢義田，〈東漢的胡兵〉，《國立政治大學學報》 28 (1973): 143-166.

–Nicola Di Cosmo, Ancient China and Its Enemies: The Rise of Nomadic Power in East Asian History (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002), pp. 206-254.

9. 地域文化與武將群體

參考閱讀：

–邢義田，〈 試釋漢代的關東、關西與山東、山西〉，載氏著，《治國安邦：法制、行政與軍事》（北京：中華書局，2011），頁180-210。

–川勝義雄 著，徐谷芃、李濟滄 譯，《六朝貴族制社會研究》（上海：上海古籍出版社，2007），頁85-123、154-186。

–Andrew Chittick, Patronage and Community in Medieval China: The Xiangyang Garrison, 400-600 CE. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2009. pp. 51-78.

10. 早期中古的暴力橫行與軍事化措置

參考閱讀：

–唐長孺，〈《晉書》〈趙至傳〉中所見的曹魏士家制度〉，載氏著，《魏晉南北朝史論叢》（北京：三聯書店，1955），頁30-36。

–周一良，〈乞活考──西晉東晉間流民史之一頁〉，載氏著，《魏晉南北朝史論叢》（瀋陽：遼寧教育出版社，1998），頁15-36。

–Edward L. Dreyer, “Military Aspects of the War of the Eight Princes, 300-307.” in Nicola Di Cosmo ed., Military Culture in Imperial China. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2009. pp. 112-142.

11-13 導修分組報告

（一）學期論文　60%

每名學員必須完成一篇約7000字的論文。論文題目由學員自訂，但必須在撰寫之前得到任教老師或助教的許可。

（二）導修分組口頭報告　40%

學員以分組形式於課上就設定題目進行口頭報告。

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