HIST5523 Special Topics in Public History (Legal Studies): Narratives on China’s Legal Past

Content
This course is about narratives on Chinese legal tradition and its modern transformation. It is neither a comprehensive, chronological and descriptive account of Chinese legal history nor a study of today’s Chinese law. Rather, the course aims at achieving the prescribed learning outcomes through guided in-depth reading as well as deliberation that provides the teacher and students with opportunities to think together about and discuss certain narratives of China’s legal past. It is expected that the class will move beyond the traditional “transmission” (lecturing and note-taking) mode of teaching and learning and that all members of the class will play an active role in exploring various aspects of historical legal knowledge about China and sharing their interpretations and opinions with the class.

Learning Outcomes
• Enhanced critical understanding of the complexity of China’s legal past
• Appreciation of basic legal concepts essential to a better understanding of law in China’s past and present
• Improved analytical thinking, reading comprehension, and communication skills concerning narratives of law in Chinese historical context
• Heightened self-reflection that fosters a deeper understanding of the student’s own emotions, aspirations, and thought processes regarding justice and the rule of law

Syllabus
Class 1 (9/4). Introduction to “narrative”
Class 2 (9/11). John King Fairbank’s China narrative and its legal dimension
Class 3 (9/21, Saturday). Song legal justice and cosmic order (Heaven)
Class 4 (9/25). Qing land property rights and family property
Class 5 (10/2). Law and market economy, 1000-1800
Quiz 1 (on the assigned readings for classes 2-4)
Class 6 (10/9). Extraterritoriality and Justice
Workshop on justice pertaining to extraterritoriality
Class 7 (10/12, Saturday). Modernizing Chinese law 1900-1949
Class 8 (10/16). Arbitration in dispute resolution
Quiz 2 (on the assigned readings for classes 5-7)
Class 9 (10/19, Saturday). Narratives on Chinese company law
Class 10 (10/23). Women in Qing and Republican family law
Workshop on justice pertaining to women in China
Class 11 (10/30). GMD constitutional rights in comparative perspective
Quiz 3 (on the assigned readings for classes 8-10)
Class 12 (11/6). Concluding: Chinese legal reforms in historical perspective

Assessment & Assignments:
• 3 in-class quizzes (30%): Covering the required readings of the previous classes as assigned to each quiz. It is an open book quiz administered in class. Students will receive the questions by their CUHK emails and submit their answers by email to the Teacher and TA before 11:59 pm of the same day.
• Written report (40%) [including (a) a progress report; and (b) a final report]:
o (a) A 500-word progress report in English will be due at 11:95 pm, Oct. 9. It will be based on two readings individually assigned by the Teacher. It must follow the prescribed report structure of a question-and-answer format. The Teacher will comment on it and discuss with each student during an individually arranged one-to-one conference, to be scheduled in the week of Oct. 21. The Progress report must be submitted to the Teacher by email and copied to the TA.
o (b) A 5,000-word final report in English will be due at 11:95 pm, Nov. 27. It will build on the two readings assigned for the progress report. It must follow the prescribed report structure of a question-and-answer format. The Final report must be submitted to the Teacher by email and copied to the TA.
o The final report’s excellence performance (A/A- grade) is recognized through a high degree of originality expressed in any of the following elements in the reports about the assigned readings: assessment on the use of evidence, comparison between readings, critical observations on the arguments and issues, and how the readings could be related to the Fairbank story.
• Class performance (20%): Class performance is assessed holistically based on attendance, class preparedness, and contribution to discussion for group tasks. Students will be organized into assigned groups and be given group task in each class. Group tasks will be conducted according to structured question-and-answer format, which assumes that students read the required readings before the class. The group needs to come up with brief collective answers to a set of questions and group members will take turn to make oral presentation. Every student also needs to give her/his own brief answers to the same questions individually and hand them in at the end of the class. Reading before the class is crucial in order to finish the tasks as an individual student or as a member of the group.
• Workshop performance (5%): Expectations on workshop performance are similar to class performance, except that there is no additional reading before the class. Workshop is meant to give students an opportunity to conduct role play in hypothetical case so as to experience deliberation in a judgmental context.
• 250-word self-reflective essay (5%) will be due at 11:95 pm, Nov. 27. It is about student’s own insights gained through experiences of studying China’s legal past in the course; The self-reflective essay must be submitted to the Teacher by email and copied to the TA.

Summary of assignments:
• A final report (5,000 words)
• A progress report (500 words)
• A few lines of words in group tasks for each class
• A self-reflective essay (250 words)
• 3 quizzes
• Assigned group tasks for each class (except the first class on 9/4) and for 2 workshops (each student needs to answer certain questions in a line or so)

Note: The use of online tools and AI as a learning aid is allowed in the course. However, such use is strictly prohibited in doing all course assignments (e.g., using ChatGPT to generate text). Students committing any act of academic dishonesty will be subject to academic disciplinary actions in accordance with the relevant rules and regulations of the University. Writing in Chinese first and having it translated by ChatGPT into English for submission is not advisable.

REFERENCES
A. Required readings for each class
(those for classes 1-2 will be available via Blackboard; the rest will be available after Sept.16)

Class 1 (9/4). Introduction to “narrative”
• Alun Munslow, “Narrative,” in The Routledge Companion to Historical Studies, 2nd ed. London: Routledge, 2006.
• Peter Munz, “The Historical Narrative,” in Michael Bentley ed., Companion to Historiography. London: Routledge, 1997.
Optional further readings:
• Lawrence Stone, “The Revival of Narrative: Reflections on a New Old History.” Past & Present 85 (1979), pp.3-24.
• Hayden White, “The Value of Narrativity in the Representation of Reality.” In W.J.T. Mitchell ed., On Narrative. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1980, pp.1-13.
• Paul Ricoeur, “Narrative Time.” In W.J.T. Mitchell ed., On Narrative. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1980, pp.165-186.
• Alun Munslow, Narrative and History. Basingstoke and NY: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007, Chap.2 (History as Content/History), Chap.3 (Narrating and Narration), Chap.5 (The Past, the Facts and History), Chap.6 (Understanding [in] History), Chap.7 (The Oar in Water), Conclusion.

Class 2 (9/11). John King Fairbank’s China narrative and its legal dimension
• Fairbank, John King. China: A New History. Cambridge, MA: The Belknap Press of Harvard U Press, 1998. Ch. 8 (The Paradox of Growth without Development – Limitations of the Law), pp. 183-186.
• Chen, Albert H.Y. An Introduction to the Legal System of the People’s Republic of China. 3rd ed. Hong Kong: LexisNexis, 2004. Ch. 2 (The Legal History of Traditional China). [earlier or later editions usable as there is little change in this chapter since the first edition of 1994 to the 5th ed. of 2019]
Optional further reading:
• Xu, Xiaoqun. Heaven Has Eyes: Law and Justice in Chinese History. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2020. Ch. 2 (From the Imperial Capital to the Magistrate’s Court: Judicial Practices in Imperial China).

Class 3 (9/21, Saturday). Song legal justice and cosmic order
• Hsu Dau-lin, “Crime and Cosmic Order,” Harvard journal of Asiatic studies, Vol.30, 1970, p.111-125
• 蘇基朗、蘇壽富美：《有法無天：從加藤弘之及霍姆斯到吳經熊的叢林憲法觀》。香港：香港中文大學出版社，2023。第14章：〈法律正義與天道：神宗朝阿云案〉。

Class 4 (9/25). Qing land property rights and family property
• Zhang, Taisu. The Laws and Economics of Confucianism: Kinship and Property in Preindustrial China and England. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2017. Ch. 1 (Dian Sales in Qing and Republican China).
• Zhang, Taisu. The Laws and Economics of Confucianism. Ch. 3 (Kinship, Social Hierarchy, and Institutional Divergence – Theories).
Optional further readings:
• Zhang, Taisu. The Laws and Economics of Confucianism. Ch. 4 (Kinship, Social Hierarchy, and Institutional Divergence – Empirics).
• Xu, Xiaoqun. Heaven Has Eyes. Ch. 3 (The Emperor, the Family, and the Land: Law and Order in Imperial China).
• Faure, David. Review of Zhongguo chuantong diquan zhidu jiqi bianqian 中國傳統地權制度及其變遷by Long Denggao 龍登高. Beijing: Zhongguo shehui kexue, 2018; Chuantong Zhongguo diquan jiegou jiqi yanbian 傳統中國地權結構及其演變by Cao Shuji 曹樹基 and Liu Shigu 劉詩古. Shanghai: Shanghai Jiaotong daxue, 2014; The Laws and Economics of Confucianism: Kinship and Property in Preindustrial China and England, by Taisu Zhang. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2017. Journal of Chinese History, 2020, vol. 4 (1), pp. 198-208.

Class 5 (10/2). Law and market economy, 1000-1800
• So, Billy K. L. and Sufumi So. “Law and the Market Economy.” In Ma Debin and Richard von Glenn eds., Cambridge Economic History of China. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2021, pp. 419-447.
• 尤陳俊：第三章〈“厌讼”幻象之下的“健讼”实相?〉，收《聚讼纷纭：清代的「健訟之風」話語及其表達性現實》北京大學出版社2022年。
Quiz 1 (on the assigned readings for classes 2-4)

Class 6 (10/9). Extraterritoriality and Justice
• CHEN Li, Chinese Law in Imperial Eyes. Ch. 4 (Sentimental Imperialism and the Global Spectacle of Chinese Punishments)
• Pär Kristoffer Cassel, Grounds of Judgment: Extraterritoriality and Imperial Power in Nineteenth-Century China and Japan. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012. Ch.3. (Institutionalizing Extraterritoriality: The Mixed Court and the British Supreme Court in Shanghai)
Optional further readings:
• CHEN Li, Chinese Law in Imperial Eyes: Sovereignty, Justice and Transcultural Politics. New York: Columbia University Press, 2016. Ch. 3 (Chinese Law in the Formation of European Modernity)
• CHEN Li, Chinese Law in Imperial Eyes. Ch. 5. (Law and Empire in the Making of the First Opium War)
Workshop justice pertaining to extraterritoriality
(To be held during Class 6 meeting time)

Class 7 (10/12). Modernizing Chinese law 1900-1949
• Xu, Xiaoqun. Heaven Has Eyes. Ch. 4 (The Best of the Chinese and of the Western: Legal-Judicial Reform in the Late Qing, 1901–1911).
• Xu, Xiaoqun. Heaven Has Eyes. Ch. 5 (The Rule of Law, Judicial Independence, and Due Process: Ideals and Realities in the Republican Era, 1912–1949).
• Kayaoglu, Turan. Legal Imperialism: Sovereignty and Extraterritoriality in Japan, the Ottoman Empire, and China. Cambridge: Cambridge U Press, 2010. Ch. 5 (China’s struggle for sovereignty).
Optional further readings:
• Xu, Xiaoqun. Heaven Has Eyes. Ch. 6 (Bandits, Collaborators, and Wives and Concubines: Criminal and Civil Justice in the Republican Era, 1912–1949).

Class 8 (10/16). Arbitration in dispute resolution
• 蘇基朗、蘇壽富美：《近代企業的商道、商術與商法：東京金港堂與上海商務印書館雜識（1875-1930）》。香港：香港中文大學出版社，2024。第13章：〈近代商事仲裁的移植：以東京與上海書業為中心〉。
• Fan, Kun. “Glocalization of Arbitration: Transnational Standards Struggling with Local Norms Through the Lens of Arbitration Transplantation in China.” Harvard Negotiation Law Review 18 (2013), pp. 175-219.
Quiz 2 (on the assigned readings for classes 5-7)

Class 9 (10/19, Saturday). Narratives of Chinese company law
• Kirby, William. “China Unincorporated: Company Law and Business Enterprises in Twentieth-Century China.” Journal of Asian studies 54.1 (1995), pp. 43-63.
• So, Billy K. L. and Albert S. Lee. “Legalization of Chinese Corporation, 1904-1929: Innovation and Continuity in Rules and Legislation.” In B.K.L. So and Ramon H. Myers eds., Treaty Port Economy in Modern China: Empirical Studies of Institutional Change and Economic Performance. Berkeley: Institution of East Asian Studies, University of California at Berkeley, 2011. Ch. 9.

Class 10 (10/23). Women in Qing and Republican family law
• Huang, Philip. “Women’s Choices Under Qing Law: Marriage and Illicit Sex.” In his Code, Custom, and Legal Practice in China: The Qing and the Republic Compared. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2001. Ch. 9.
• Huang, Philip. “Women’s Choices Under Guomindang Law: Marriage, Divorce, and Adultery.” In his Code, Custom, and Legal Practice in China. Ch. 10.
Workshop on justice pertaining to women in China
(To be held during Class 6 meeting time)

Class 11 (10/30). GMD constitutional rights in comparative perspective
• 蘇基朗、蘇壽富美：《有法無天》。第3-6章。
Quiz 3 (on the assigned readings for classes 8-10)

Class 12 (11/6). Concluding: Chinese legal reforms in historical perspective
• So, Billy K. L. “Chinese Legal Reforms in Historical and Comparative Perspective: The Legal Reforms of the 1990s and the 1070s.” Hong Kong Law Journal 40.1 (2010), pp. 175-198.
• 蘇基朗、蘇壽富美：《有法無天》。香港：香港中文大學出版社，2023。第15章：〈法律改革與新政治秩序：北宋的兩次法律改革〉。
Optional further readings:
• 蘇基朗：〈現代法學詮釋中的‘中華法系’－以產權與合約為中心〉，《法學》，2006年第12期，頁62-68。
• 蘇基朗、蘇壽富美：《有法無天》。餘緒。
• Xu, Xiaoqun. Heaven Has Eyes. Conclusion.

B. Recommended Readings
Alford, William. “A Second Great Wall? China’s Post-Cultural Revolution Project of Legal Construction.” Cultural Dynamics 11 (2003), pp. 193-213.
Alford, William. “Of Arsenic and Old Laws: Looking Anew at Criminal Justice in Late Imperial China.” California Law Review 72.6 (1984), pp. 1180-1256.
Alford, William. “The More Law, the More…? Measuring legal Reform in the People’s Republic of China.” In Nicholas C. Hope, Dennis Tao Yang and Mu Yang Li, eds. How Far Across the River? Chinese Policy Reform at the Millennium. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2003. pp. 122-149.
Alford, William. To Steal a Book is an Elegant Offense: Intellectual Property Law in Chinese Civilization. Stanford: Stanford U Press, 1995.
Bernhardt, Kathryn and Philip Huang eds., Civil Law in Qing and Republican China. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1994.
Bodde, Derk and Clarence Morris eds., Law in Imperial China: Exemplified by 190 Ch’ing Dynasty Cases (Translated from Hsing-AN-HUI-LAN) with Historical, Social, and Juridical Commentaries. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1967.
Cassel, Par. Grounds of Judgment: Extraterritoriality and Imperial Power in 19th-century China and Japan. New York: Oxford U Press, 2012.
Ch’ü T’ung-tsu. Law and Society in Traditional China. Paris: Mouton, 1961.
Chiu Peng-sheng, “The Discourse on Insolvency and Negligence in Eighteenth-Century China.” In Robert E. Hegel and Katherine Carlitz, eds. Writing and Law in Late Imperial China: Crime, Conflict, and Judgment. Seattle and London: University of Washington Press, 2007. pp. 125-142.
Clarke, Donald, Peter Murrell, and Susan Whiting. “The Role of Law in China’s Economic Development.” In Loren Brandt and Thomas Rawski eds., China’s Great Economic Transformation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008. Ch. 11.
Conner, Alison. “Confucianism and Due Process.” In de Bary, Wm. Theodore and Tu Weiming eds. Confucianism and Human Rights. New York: Columbia University Press, 1998. Ch. 10.
Goetzmann, William and Elisabeth Köll. “The History of Corporate Ownership in China: State Patronage, Company Legislation, and the Issue of Control.” In Randall Morck ed. A History of Corporate Governance Around the World. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 2007. Ch. 2.
Hansen, Valerie. Negotiating Daily Life in Traditional China: How Ordinary People Used Contract, 600-1400. New Haven: Yale U Press, 1995.
Hsu Dau-lin. “Crime and Cosmic Order.” Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies 30 (1970), pp. 111-125.
Jiang, Yonglin, and Wu Yanhong. “Satisfying Both Sentiment and Law: Fairness-Centered Judicial Reasoning as Seen in late Ming Casebooks.” In Charlotte Furth, Judith T. Zeitlin and Hsiung Ping-chen, eds., Thinking with Cases: Specialist Knowing in Chinese cultural History. Honolulu, HI: University of Hawaii Press, 2007. pp. 31-65.
Kuhn, Philip A. Soulstealers: The Chinese sorcery scare of 1768. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1990.
MacCormack, Geffrey. “Assistance in Conflict Resolution: Imperial China.” Transactions of the Jean Bodin Society for Comparative Institutional History 63, De Boeck Université, 1996, pp. 109-153.
McConville, Mike. “Comparative Empirical Co-ordinates and the Dynamics of Criminal Justice in China and the West.” In Mike McConville and Eva Pils eds., Comparative Perspectives on Criminal Justice in China. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 2013. Ch. 2.
McKnight, Brian. Law and Order in Sung China. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996.
Needham, Joseph. Science and Civilisation in China. Cambridge: Cambridge U Press, 1956. Vol. 2, “Human Law and the Laws of Nature in China and the West.” pp. 518-83.
Peerenboom, Randall, ed. Judicial Independence in China: Lessons for Global Rule of Law. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2010.
Peerenboom, Randall. China’s Long March Toward Rule of Law. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002.
Scogin, Hugh. “Civil ‘Law’ in Traditional China: History and Theory.” In Kathryn Bernhardt and Philip Huang eds, Civil Law in Qing and Republican China. Stanford: Stanford U Press, 1994. pp. 13-41.
So, Billy K. L. “Modern China’s Treaty-port Economy in Institutional Perspective: An Introductory Essay.” In Billy K. L. So and Ramon H. Myers eds., Treaty-port Economy in Modern China: Empirical Studies of Institutional Change and Economic Performance. Berkeley, CA: University of California, Berkeley, 2011. pp. 1-32.
So, Billy K. L. “Traditional Chinese Law in Action: Criminal Liability in Three Homicide Cases in Sung China (A.D. 960-1276).” Paper presented at the Fourth Conference of Asian Jurisprudence: The Rule of Law in East Asia: Formation and Development, HKU, 17-18 January 2002.
So, Billy K. L. Prosperity, Region, and Institutions in Maritime China: The South Fukien Pattern, 946-1368. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Asia Center, 2000.
Unger, Roberto Mangabeira. Law in Modern Society: Toward a Criticism of Social Theory. New York: Free Press, 1976.
Wang, Dong. China’s Unequal Treaties: Narrating National History. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2005.
Xi, Chao. “Transforming Chinese Enterprises: Ideology, Efficiency and Instrumentalism in the Process of Reform.” In John Gillespie and Pip Nicholson, eds., Asian Socialism and Legal Change: The Dynamics of Vietnamese Renewal and Chinese Reform. Canberra: ANU Press & Asia Pacific Press, 2005. pp. 91-114.
Zelin, Madeleine. “A Critique of Rights of Property in Prewar China.” In Madeleine Zelin, J. Ocko and R Cardella, eds., Contract and Property in Early Modern China. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2004. pp. 17-36.
Zelin, Madeleine, Jonathan Ocko and Robert Cardella, eds. Contract and Property in Early Modern China. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2004.
尤陳俊。《聚訟紛紜 : 清代的「健訟之風」話語及其表達性現實》。 北京: 北京大學出版社，2022。
方流芳：〈試解薛福成和柯比的中國公司之迷〉，載梁治平編：《法治在中國：制度、話語與實踐》。北京：中國政法大學出版社，2002。頁280-318。
王新宇：《民國時期婚姻法近代化研究》。北京：中國法制出版社，2006。
安守廉 (William Alford), 〈不可思議的西方？ 昂格爾運用與誤用中國歷史的含義〉，收高道蘊、高鴻鈞、賀衛方編：《美國學者論中國法律傳統》。北京：清華大學出版社，2004增訂版。頁3-51。
寺田浩明：〈權利與冤抑〉，載滋賀秀三等：《明清時期的民事審判與民間契約》。北京：法律出版社，1998。頁191－265。
朱景文：《中國法律發展報告 : 數據庫和指標體系》，北京：中國人民大學，2007。
李貴連：《沈家本傳》北京：法律出版社，2000。
居正著，范忠信等編：《為什麼要重建中國法系—居正法政文選》。北京：中國政法大學出版社，2009。
屈超立：〈論宋代法律在中華法系中的地位〉，收張中秋編《中華法系國際學術研討會文集》。北京：中國政法大學出版社，2007。頁65-71。
邱澎生：《明清法律與社會變遷》。北京：法律出版社，2019。
邱澎生：《當法律遇上經濟: 明清中國的商業法律》。台北：五南圖書出版公司，2008。
邱澎生：《當經濟遇上法律：明清中國的市場演化》。台北：聯經出版公司，2018。
柳立言：〈一條律文各自解讀—宋代「爭鶉案」的爭議〉，《中央研究院歷史語言研究所集刊》，第73本第1分，2002，頁119-164。
范忠信：《中國法律傳統的基本精神》。濟南：山東人民出版社，2001。
范金明：《明清商事糾紛與商業訴訟》。南京：南京大學出版社，2007。
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Blackboard and student email account
Note that this course only uses Blackboard for the purpose of providing assigned readings. All class announcements, arrangement of individual conference on progress report, occasional mass or individual communications, and the three quizzes will be made via CUHK student emails of those on the course’s final student list. Every student has to check her/his CUHK email account on a regular basis. Submission of progress report and final report must also be to the emails of the Teacher and the TA.

Attention is drawn to University policy and regulations on honesty in academic work, and to the disciplinary guidelines and procedures applicable to breaches of such policy and regulations. Details may be found at http://www.cuhk.edu.hk/policy/academichonesty/.

With each assignment, students will be required to submit a signed declaration that they are aware of these policies, regulations, guidelines and procedures.

• In the case of group projects, all members of the group should be asked to sign the declaration, each of whom is responsible and liable to disciplinary actions, irrespective of whether he/she has signed the declaration and whether he/she has contributed, directly or indirectly, to the problematic contents.
• For assignments in the form of a computer-generated document that is principally text-based and submitted via VeriGuide, the statement, in the form of a receipt, will be issued by the system upon students’ uploading of the soft copy of the assignment.

Assignments without the properly signed declaration will not be graded by teachers.

Only the final version of the assignment should be submitted via VeriGuide.

The submission of a piece of work, or a part of a piece of work, for more than one purpose (e.g. to satisfy the requirements in two different courses) without declaration to this effect shall be regarded as having committed undeclared multiple submissions. It is common and acceptable to reuse a turn of phrase or a sentence or two from one’s own work; but wholesale reuse is problematic. In any case, agreement from the course teacher(s) concerned should be obtained prior to the submission of the piece of work.